Biology – 1.3 Features of organisms | e-Consult
1.3 Features of organisms (1 questions)
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Vertebrates:
- Internal Skeleton: A bony or cartilaginous skeleton provides support and protection. This is an adaptation for active lifestyles and allows for larger body sizes.
- Brain and Spinal Cord: A complex nervous system enables coordinated movement, sensory perception, and rapid responses to stimuli. This is crucial for navigating complex environments.
- Closed Circulatory System: Blood is contained within vessels, allowing for efficient oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues. This supports higher metabolic rates.
- Body Covering: Vertebrates have skin, fur, feathers, or scales which provide protection, insulation, and camouflage. These adaptations are specific to the environment.
Arthropods:
- Exoskeleton: A hard, external covering made of chitin provides protection and support. This is particularly important in terrestrial environments where water loss is a concern.
- Segmented Body: The body is divided into segments, allowing for flexibility and specialized functions in different regions.
- Jointed Appendages: Legs, antennae, and mouthparts are jointed, providing flexibility and enabling a wide range of movements.
- Open Circulatory System: Blood (hemolymph) circulates in an open system, directly bathing organs. This is less efficient than a closed system but suitable for their size and lifestyle.