Chemistry – Atoms, elements and compounds - Metallic bonding | e-Consult

In a solid metal, metal ions (positive ions) are arranged in a regular, repeating lattice structure. This lattice is surrounded by a "sea" of delocalised electrons that are free to move throughout the entire structure.

Electrical Conductivity: The delocalised electrons are the key to good electrical conductivity. When a voltage is applied, these electrons are easily displaced and flow in a specific direction, forming an electric current. The lattice provides a framework for these electrons to move through with minimal resistance.

Malleability and Ductility: The metallic bond, formed by the interaction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons, is non-directional. This means that the metal ions can slide past each other without breaking the bonds. The delocalised electrons facilitate this movement by allowing the ions to rearrange themselves into new, stable positions under stress. This ability to deform without fracturing is what gives metals their malleability and ductility.