Physics – 1.7.3 Energy resources | e-Consult

Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic (PV) cells, directly convert light energy from the Sun into electrical energy. The process relies on the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are typically made from semiconductor materials, such as silicon. When photons (light particles) strike the solar cell, they transfer their energy to electrons in the semiconductor material. This excites the electrons, causing them to move and create an electric current.

A solar panel consists of multiple solar cells connected together. The electricity generated by the solar panel is direct current (DC). An inverter is used to convert the DC electricity into alternating current (AC), which is the type of electricity used in homes and businesses. Solar panels can be installed on rooftops or in large solar farms.

The efficiency of solar cells varies depending on the material and the design of the cell. Factors such as cloud cover, the angle of the Sun, and the temperature of the solar cells can affect the amount of electricity generated. Solar power is a renewable and clean energy source, but it is intermittent and requires energy storage solutions (e.g., batteries) to provide electricity when the Sun is not shining.