Computer Science – 12.1 Program Development Life cycle | e-Consult
12.1 Program Development Life cycle (1 questions)
Waterfall Model:
Principles: The Waterfall model is a linear, sequential approach to software development. Each phase (Requirements, Design, Implementation, Verification, Maintenance) must be completed fully before the next phase can begin. There is no going back to previous phases. It emphasizes thorough documentation and a well-defined plan upfront.
Benefits:
- Simple and easy to understand: The linear nature makes it straightforward to manage.
- Well-defined stages: Clear milestones and deliverables at each stage.
- Suitable for projects with well-defined and stable requirements: When requirements are unlikely to change, the Waterfall model can be efficient.
- Easy to manage due to its structured approach.
Drawbacks:
- Inflexible: Difficult and costly to accommodate changes to requirements once a phase is complete.
- High risk: Errors in early stages can have significant consequences later on.
- Limited user involvement: User feedback is typically gathered only at the requirements stage.
- Not suitable for complex or evolving projects: Where requirements are likely to change, the Waterfall model is often not a good fit.
Iterative Model:
Principles: The Iterative model involves developing the software in cycles (iterations). Each iteration produces a working version of the software, which is then reviewed and refined. The cycle continues until the desired level of functionality is achieved. It allows for feedback and changes to be incorporated throughout the development process.
Benefits:
- More flexible: Easier to accommodate changes to requirements during development.
- Reduced risk: Problems are identified and addressed earlier in the process.
- Early user feedback: Users can provide feedback on working versions of the software.
- Suitable for complex or evolving projects: Where requirements are likely to change, the Iterative model is often preferred.
Drawbacks:
- Can be more complex to manage: Requires careful planning and coordination of iterations.
- Potential for scope creep: Changes to requirements can lead to uncontrolled expansion of the project.
- Requires strong communication and collaboration: Effective communication between developers and users is essential.
- May require more resources than Waterfall for smaller projects.