Business – 2.2 Motivation – Motivation theories | e-Consult
2.2 Motivation – Motivation theories (1 questions)
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Answer:
- Assumptions about motivation
- Taylor (Scientific Management): Workers are primarily motivated by economic rewards; they will exert maximum effort if paid per unit of output (piece‑rate) and if work is broken into simple, repeatable tasks.
- Mayo (Human Relations): Workers are motivated by social and psychological factors such as belonging, recognition, and the need for supportive relationships; monetary incentives are insufficient on their own.
- Managerial implications
- Taylor: Managers must design jobs scientifically, select and train workers, set performance standards, and closely supervise to ensure efficiency.
- Mayo: Managers should foster a cooperative work environment, encourage informal groups, provide opportunities for communication, and consider employee welfare.
- Key differences
- Focus on task vs. focus on people.
- Control through supervision vs. control through participation and morale.
- Short‑term output gains vs. long‑term employee satisfaction and reduced turnover.