Sociology – Paper 4 – Globalisation: Key debates, concepts and perspectives | e-Consult
Paper 4 – Globalisation: Key debates, concepts and perspectives (1 questions)
Login to see all questions.
Click on a question to view the answer
| Aspect | Hard Power | Soft Power |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Coercive use of military and economic force to influence other actors. | Attraction and persuasion through culture, values and institutions. |
| Key Instruments | Military interventions, sanctions, trade embargoes. | Cultural exports, diplomatic engagement, development aid. |
| Examples | - US invasion of Iraq (2003) - EU sanctions on Russia (2014‑present) | - British BBC World Service broadcasting - Japan’s promotion of “Cool Japan” pop culture |
| Advantages | Immediate impact; clear signals of intent. | Long‑term relationship building; less likely to provoke backlash. |
| Limitations | Can generate resistance; costly. | Effects are indirect and slower to materialise. |
In practice, states combine both forms of power—a strategy known as “smart power”—to maximise influence in the global arena.