Understand IP addresses and differentiate between types

What is an IP Address? 📶

An IP address is like a home address for a device on a network. It tells other devices where to send data. Think of it as a unique phone number for every computer, phone, or smart‑watch connected to the internet.

There are two main types:

• IPv4 – 32‑bit address, written as four decimal numbers (0‑255) separated by dots, e.g. 192.168.1.10.
• IPv6 – 128‑bit address, written in eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

Because IPv4 addresses are running out, IPv6 was created to give us plenty more room.

Public vs Private Addresses 🏠

Just like some houses have a public street address while others are in gated communities, IP addresses can be public (visible on the internet) or private (used inside a local network).

Static vs Dynamic IPs 🔢

Static IP – fixed address that doesn’t change. Like a permanent mailbox number.

Dynamic IP – assigned by a DHCP server and can change each time you connect. Think of it like a temporary hotel room number.

Most home networks use dynamic IPs for devices, while servers often use static IPs so they can always be found.

How Devices Get Their IP Address 🚀

1. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – the router asks a DHCP server for an address and hands it to the device.
2. Manual Configuration – you type the address into the device’s network settings.

When a device wants to send data, it first checks its own IP address, then looks up the destination address, and finally sends the packet through the router or switch.

Quick Recap Quiz 🎯

1️⃣ Which IP range is used for a typical home Wi‑Fi network?

2️⃣ What protocol assigns dynamic IP addresses?

3️⃣ How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

Answer in the margin or write them in your notes!