Globalisation and crime
Paper 4 – Globalisation: Contemporary Issues
Objective: Globalisation and Crime
Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness of economies, cultures and societies. When we look at crime, think of it as a ripple that spreads faster across borders when the world becomes a single “neighbourhood.” This section will break down how global flows create new crime opportunities, the kinds of crime that thrive, and how you can answer exam questions confidently. 🌍🕵️♂️
1. What is Globalisation‑Crime Link?
• Globalisation (G) = movement of goods, capital, information, and people across borders.
• Crime (C) = unlawful acts that can be local or transnational.
• The equation: G + C = New Crime Opportunities
🔄 Example: A small online marketplace (G) can be used to sell stolen goods (C) worldwide.
2. Mechanisms Linking Globalisation to Crime
- Technology & Communication – Smartphones, the internet, and encrypted messaging make coordination easier. 📱💬
- Economic Integration – Global supply chains create “shadow” markets for illicit goods. 📦🚨
- Migration & Mobility – People moving across borders can become both victims and perpetrators of crime. 🌐👥
- Legal Gaps – Different legal systems mean criminals exploit weak enforcement in one country to escape justice elsewhere. ⚖️✈️
3. Types of Crime Influenced by Globalisation
| Crime Category | Globalisation Factor | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Transnational Organized Crime | Cross‑border smuggling networks | Drug cartels using shipping routes |
| Cybercrime | Internet connectivity & anonymity | Phishing scams targeting EU banks |
| Human Trafficking | Global labour markets & migration flows | Sex trafficking from Asia to Europe |
| Counterfeiting | Fast global distribution networks | Fake luxury goods sold on e‑commerce sites |
4. Case Study Snapshot
🚨 Case: The Silk Road – An online marketplace that operated on the dark web, facilitating drug sales and money laundering. • Globalisation factor: Internet anonymity + cryptocurrency. • Impact: Enabled a global network of buyers and sellers, bypassing traditional law‑enforcement. • Lesson for exam: Highlight how technology (a globalisation driver) created a new crime platform.
5. Theoretical Perspectives
- Structural Functionalism – Crime as a response to social inequality created by global markets. 📊
- Conflict Theory – Global capitalism concentrates power, leading to exploitation and crime. ⚔️
- Labeling Theory – Global media labels certain groups as “criminal” influencing policing. 🏷️
- Routine Activity Theory – Globalisation changes routine patterns, increasing opportunities for crime. 🔄
6. Examination Tips
1. Define key terms – Start with a clear definition of globalisation and crime.
2. Use the G + C framework – Show how each globalisation factor creates a crime opportunity.
3. Provide examples – Use recent news or case studies to illustrate points.
4. Link to theory – Explain which sociological theory best explains the phenomenon.
5. Answer structure – Introduction → Mechanisms → Types → Case study → Theory → Conclusion.
6. Time management – Allocate ~5 min for each major point; keep answers concise but evidence‑rich.
7. Use diagrams – A quick flowchart (drawn with <table>) can summarise the G + C relationship.
8. Check word limit – Aim for ~250–300 words per question; practice with past papers.
9. Proofread – Look for spelling, grammar, and clarity before submitting.
10. Stay calm – Remember: the exam is testing your understanding, not your memory of facts. 🌟
Revision
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