Explain the differences between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)

3.1 Computers and their components

RAM vs ROM

💾 Random Access Memory (RAM) is like a whiteboard that the computer writes on while it’s working. 📚 Read‑Only Memory (ROM) is like a permanent notebook that already has the instructions written in it.

Key differences:

Feature RAM ROM
Volatility 💨 Data is lost when power is switched off. 🔒 Data remains even when power is off.
Writeability 🖊️ Can be written to and read from freely. ✏️ Usually only readable; some types can be written during manufacturing.
Speed ⚡ Very fast – used for active data. 🛑 Slower – used for firmware and boot code.
Capacity 🧠 Can be expanded (e.g., 8 GB, 16 GB). 📏 Fixed by design (e.g., 64 KB, 128 KB).
Purpose 💡 Holds programs and data that the CPU is actively using. 🛠️ Stores essential firmware like the BIOS or UEFI.
Exam Tip: When answering “Explain the differences between RAM and ROM”, remember to list volatility, writeability, speed, capacity, and purpose. Use the table format in your answer to show clear comparison. 📚

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