Explain the differences between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM)
3.1 Computers and their components
RAM vs ROM
💾 Random Access Memory (RAM) is like a whiteboard that the computer writes on while it’s working.
📚 Read‑Only Memory (ROM) is like a permanent notebook that already has the instructions written in it.
Key differences:
| Feature | RAM | ROM |
|---|---|---|
| Volatility | 💨 Data is lost when power is switched off. | 🔒 Data remains even when power is off. |
| Writeability | 🖊️ Can be written to and read from freely. | ✏️ Usually only readable; some types can be written during manufacturing. |
| Speed | ⚡ Very fast – used for active data. | 🛑 Slower – used for firmware and boot code. |
| Capacity | 🧠 Can be expanded (e.g., 8 GB, 16 GB). | 📏 Fixed by design (e.g., 64 KB, 128 KB). |
| Purpose | 💡 Holds programs and data that the CPU is actively using. | 🛠️ Stores essential firmware like the BIOS or UEFI. |
Exam Tip: When answering “Explain the differences between RAM and ROM”, remember to list volatility, writeability, speed, capacity, and purpose. Use the table format in your answer to show clear comparison. 📚
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